附录2：主要哲学术语翻译一览表

🪶 笔记摘要

阅读字号： 16px

<h3 style="text-align: left;">附录2：主要哲学术语翻译一览表</h3>

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            <th style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 8px 5px; text-align: center; width: 15%;">&emsp;&emsp;&emsp;&emsp;译文<br>希腊原文&emsp;&emsp;</th>
            <th style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 8px 5px; text-align: center; width: 15%;">Matheson</th>
            <th style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 8px 5px; text-align: center; width: 15%;">Oldfather</th>
            <th style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 8px 5px; text-align: center; width: 15%;">Long</th>
            <th style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 8px 5px; text-align: center; width: 15%;">Hard</th>
            <th style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 8px 5px; text-align: center; width: 15%;">汉语译文</th>
            <th style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 8px 5px; text-align: center; width: 10%;">对比</th>
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        <tr><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;">ἀδιάφορα<br>adiaphora</td><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;">indifferents</td><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;">indifferents</td><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;">indifferents</td><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;">indifferents</td><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;">无所谓</td><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;"></td></tr>
        <tr><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;">ἀγαθός<br>agathos</td><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;">good</td><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;">good</td><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;">good</td><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;">good</td><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;">好</td><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;">善</td></tr>
        <tr><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;">ἄνθρωπος<br>anthroposman</td><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;">man</td><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;">man</td><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;">man</td><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;">人</td><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;"></td><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;"></td></tr>
        <tr><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;">ἀφορμή<br>aphormē</td><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;">impulse not to act</td><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;">refusal</td><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;">impulse</td><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;">impulse not to act</td><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;">不采取行动的驱动</td><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;"></td></tr>
        <tr><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;">ἀρετή<br>aretē</td><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;">virtue</td><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;">virtue</td><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;">virtue</td><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;">virtue</td><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;">德</td><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;">德</td></tr>
        <tr><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;">ἄσκησις<br>askēsis</td><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;">training</td><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;">training</td><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;">training</td><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;">training</td><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;">锻炼</td><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;"></td></tr>
        <tr><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;">δόγμα<br>dogmata</td><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;">judgment</td><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;">judgment</td><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;">opinion</td><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;">judgment</td><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;">认识和看法</td><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;"></td></tr>
        <tr><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;">ἐλευθερία<br>eleutheria</td><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;">freedom</td><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;">freedom</td><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;">freedom</td><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;">freedom</td><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;">自由</td><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;"></td></tr>
        <tr><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;">ἔκκλισις<br>ekklisis</td><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;">will to avoid</td><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;">aversion</td><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;">aversion, avoiding</td><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;">aversion</td><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;">想要回避东西的意愿</td><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;"></td></tr>
        <tr><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;">ἐφ' ἡμῖν<br>eph' hēmin</td><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;">in our power</td><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;">under our control</td><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;">in our power</td><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;">in our power</td><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;">在我们的权能之内</td><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;"></td></tr>
        <tr><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;">ἡγεμονικόν<br>hēgemonikon</td><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;">governing principle</td><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;">governing principle</td><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;">ruling faculty</td><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;">governing part</td><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;">主导要素</td><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;"></td></tr>
        <tr><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;">ὁρμή<br>hormē</td><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;">impulse (to act)</td><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;">choice</td><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;">impulse</td><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;">impulse (to act)</td><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;">采取行动的驱动,(行为)驱动</td><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;"></td></tr>
        <tr><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;">κακός<br>kakos</td><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;">bad, evil</td><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;">bad, evil</td><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;">bad, evil</td><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;">bad, evil</td><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;">坏</td><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;">恶</td></tr>
        <tr><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;">ὄρεξις<br>orexis</td><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;">will to get</td><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;">desire</td><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;">desire</td><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;">desire</td><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;">想要得到东西的意愿</td><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;"></td></tr>
        <tr><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;">φαντασία<br>phantasia</td><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;">impression</td><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;">sense impression</td><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;">appearance</td><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;">impression</td><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;">表象</td><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;"></td></tr>
        <tr><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;">προαίρεσις<br>prohairesis</td><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;">will</td><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;">moral purpose</td><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;">will</td><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;">choice</td><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;">意愿</td><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;">(自由)意志</td></tr>
        <tr><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;">πρόληψις<br>prolēpsis</td><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;">primary conception</td><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;">preconception</td><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;">preconception</td><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;">preconception</td><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;">天然认知</td><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;">良知</td></tr>
        <tr><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;">συγκατάθεσις<br>sunkatathesis</td><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;">assent</td><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;">assent</td><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;">assent</td><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;">assent</td><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;">同意</td><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;"></td></tr>
        <tr><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;">θεός<br>theos</td><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;">god</td><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;">god</td><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;">god</td><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;">god</td><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;">神，上帝</td><td style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 6px 4px; vertical-align: top; word-wrap: break-word;"></td></tr>
    </tbody></table></div><p style="margin-top: 8px;font-size: 0.85em;">※ 说明：本年表综合多个英译本及杨适《爱比克泰德》所附年表整理。空格处表示该译本未提供对应译法，“对比”列供对照不同译家风格差异。
	2026-06-06 17:09:06 星期六
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